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Basic Fruit Tree
Pruning Instructions
Following
simple fruit tree pruning instructions will ensure your fruit trees enjoy good
health, disease management, and better fruit yield.
By
pruning your fruit trees, you stimulate shoot growth, control the size and shape
of the tree, and improve the quality of the fruit.
If
you have not pruned before, don't worry! It is not difficult, and you'll get a
real feel for how to prune fruit trees the more you work at it. And it's worth
every minute!
How
to Prune Fruit Trees
The
best time to prune fruit trees and shrubs is in early spring while the tree is
still dormant, before growth activity begins. This is when pruning wounds heal
best and you can easily see the buds to work around.
Here's
a good basic list of tree types to choose for your yard as you learn how
to prune fruit trees:
Apple
▪ Apricot ▪ Cherry ▪
Peach ▪ Nectarine
Pear ▪ Plum
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Fruit
Tree Pruning Instructions
For Different Types Of Trees
You'll
want to follow a few specific fruit tree pruning instructions for different
types of fruit trees. For instance, apple trees need a different pruning system
than peach trees. Here are the basics:
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The
Central-Leader System:
This is used for pruning apple trees, pear trees, and sweet cherry trees. A
"central leader" is the main stem or trunk of the tree from which
other lateral branches develop.
Fruit tree pruning instructions for this method are based around thinning
the lateral branches.
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The
Open-Center System:
Used for peach tree pruning, as well as pruning plum trees, nectarine trees,
apricot trees and sour cherry trees where there is no dominant, vertical
trunk (central leader).
Open center fruit tree pruning instructions are based around three or four
main limbs set at wide angles with about five lesser branches on each.
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The
Modified-Leader System:
Mostly used for nut bearing trees, this can also be applied when pruning
apple trees and pear trees. Modified-leader fruit tree pruning instructions
are based upon giving the central leader and three or four lateral branches
equal importance.
With
this in mind, here are basic fruit tree pruning instructions that will get you
off to a good start to getting the balance you want of shoot growth and fruit
production:
General
Fruit Tree Pruning Instructions
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Always
use sharp shears or saws so your cuts are clean. Use pruning shears
on young trees and limbs less than 1/2 inch diameter, and lopping
shears for your bigger cuts. For mature fruit trees, use a pruning
saw.
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Begin
by removing dead wood and broken branches. Then cut out any wood
that crosses or rubs against any other branches. This opens up the
middle so the sun can get to all the fruit.
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Make
your cut close to a bud, to a joint in the branch, or to the trunk;
never leave a stub. The pruning cut should be just above a bud. Make
the cut at a backwards angle of about 30 degrees.
-
Prune
stems just above a pair of opposing strong shoots or buds. If shoots
or buds are staggered, choose a strong one and prune just above it.
-
Keep
more horizontal branches, and prune more vertical branches.
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Remove
suckers (shoots) from around the base of the tree.
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Get
rid of all debris which can harbor pests and disease.
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Learning
how to prune fruit trees may seem difficult at first
but follow these basics
plus the fruit tree pruning instructions for each type
of tree, and you'll be on your way to a homegrown and healthy fruit harvest
every year!
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